Adipokines in dental pulp: Physiological,pathological, and potential therapeutic roles

BackgroundHundreds of adipokines have been identified, and their extensive range of endocrine functions—regulating distant organs such as oral tissues—and local autocrine/paracrine roles have been studied. In dentistry, however, adipokines are poorly known proteins in the dental pulp; few of them have been studied despite their large number. This study reviews recent advances in the investigation of dental-pulp adipokines, with an emphasis on their roles in inflammatory processes and their potential therapeutic applications.HighlightsThe most recently identified adipokines in dental pulp include leptin, adiponectin, resistin, ghrelin, oncostatin, chemerin, and visfatin. They have numerous physiological and pathological functions in the pulp tissue: they are closely related to pulp inflammatory mechanisms and actively participate in cell differentiation, mineralization, angiogenesis, and immune-system modulation.ConclusionAdipokines have potential clinical applications in regenerative endodontics and as biomarkers or targets for the pharmacological management of inflammatory and degenerative processes in dental pulp. A promising direction for the development of new therapies may be the use of agonists/antagonists to modulate the expression of the most studied adipokines.     

阿霉素诱导鸟嘌呤-四联体形成对Tca8113细胞端粒酶及细胞周期的影响

目的：探讨阿霉素影响端粒酶活性、端粒酶mRNA表达、细胞周期及周期蛋白表达的分子作用机制。方法：采用端粒重复序列扩增法（TRAP）、改良TRAP—G4法和RT—PCR法检测Tca8113细胞端粒酶活性变化、端粒酶hTERT和TP1mRNA水平；流式细胞仪分析细胞周期；采用Western印迹法测定CyclinB1和CyclinA表达水平。采用SPSS10．0软件包对数据进行t检验。结果：所有实验浓度阿霉素均可降低Tca8113细胞端粒酶活性．当端粒酶作用底物变为5＇-（GGGATr），GGGTT-3’时，端粒延伸反应完全受到抑制；5μg/ml阿霉素作用24h后，hTERT和TP1mRNA表达降低，CyclinB1表达明显增强，G2／M期细胞百分率显著下降。结论：阿霉素抑制端粒酶活性、降低端粒酶表达、影响细胞周期及CyclinB1表达的作用机制与其诱导鸟嘌呤-四联体形成有关。     

牙颌专用CT对颞下颌关节骨性结构的测量技术

目的：探讨牙颌专用CT对颞下颌关节（temporomandibular joint，TMJ）骨性结构的测量技术。方法：在牙颌专用CT对TMJ成像技术的基础上，对TMJ成像的轴位、矢状位、平行于髁状突长轴的斜位、垂直于髁状突长轴的斜位重建影像，建立座标点并进行测量。结果：轴位测得髁状突水平角和单侧髁状突与矢状中线的半径距离。平行于髁状突长轴的斜位测得髁状突长轴径值、髁状突垂直角、关节间隙和髁状突受力角。垂直于髁状突长轴的斜位与矢状位均可测得髁状突内外极间各层切面径值、关节间隙、关节凹深度、关节结节斜度和髁颈厚度。结论：牙颌专用CT成像系统可以对TMJ骨性结构行多种体位、角度的影像重建及定点测量。     

Porphyromonas gingivalis promotes murine abdominal aortic aneurysms via matrix metalloproteinase-2 induction

Aoyama N, Suzuki J, Wang D, Ogawa M, Kobayashi N, Hanatani T, Takeuchi Y, Izumi Y, Isobe M. Porphyromonas gingivalis promotes murine abdominal aortic aneurysms via matrix metalloproteinase‐2 induction. J Periodont Res 2011; 46: 176–183. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common and lethal disorder, and MMPs are highly expressed in AAA lesions. Large numbers of periodontopathic bacteria have been reported to be present in specimens obtained from the aortic walls of patients with an AAA. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of periodontopathic bacteria on AAA dilatation. Material and Methods: AAAs were produced in mice by the periaortic application of 0.25 m CaCl₂, and NaCl was used as a control. The mice were inoculated once weekly with live Porphyromonas gingivalis, live Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans or vehicle. Results: Four weeks after the periaortic application of either CaCl₂ or NaCl, a significant increase was observed in the aortic diameter of P. gingivalis‐challenged mice compared with the vehicle control mice (p < 0.05), whereas there was no statistically significant increase in the aortic diameter of the A. actinomycetemcomitans‐challenged mice. Immunohistochemical analysis found significantly higher numbers of CD8‐positive and MOMA2‐positive cells and significantly higher levels of MMP‐2 in the aneurysmal samples of P. gingivalis‐challenged mice compared with control mice. Live P. gingivalis promoted a significant proliferation of splenocytes in comparison with P. gingivalis‐lipopolysaccharide and live A. actinomycetemcomitans (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that challenge with P. gingivalis, but not with A. actinomycetemcomitans, can accelerate, or even initiate, the progression of experimental AAA through the increased expression of MMPs.     

VEGF、DEX对舌鳞癌细胞株MMP-9表达及侵袭力的影响

目的：探讨血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor，VEGF）和地塞米松（dexamethasone DEX）对舌鳞癌细胞株MMP-9表达及侵袭力的影响。方法：对体外培养的人舌鳞癌细胞株分别用VEGF和DEX作为刺激因素，采用免疫组化SP法测定癌细胞中MMP-9蛋白相对含量的变化；采用RT-PCR技术检测癌细胞中MMP-9 mRNA相对含量的变化；采用Transwell小室观察细胞的侵袭能力。结果：不同浓度的VEGF（1、5、10ng／m1）作用于人舌鳞癌细胞，MMP-9 mRNA、MMP-9蛋白表达和细胞的侵袭能力随VEGF浓度的增加而增加，差异有显著性（P〈0．05），且有剂量依赖关系。在上述各组细胞中加入DEX（0．5mg／ml）后，MMP-9mRNA、MMP-9蛋白表达和细胞的侵袭能力均相应降低，差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论：VEGF可以诱导舌鳞癌细胞MMP-9的表达及增强其侵袭力。DEX可以抑制舌鳞癌细胞MMP-9的表达及降低其侵袭力。     

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获得性免疫缺陷综合征(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS)简称艾滋病,是一种由病毒引起的传染性疾病,1981年首次被正式命名。我国已将其列入乙类法定传染病,并成为国境卫生监测传染病之一。艾滋病的特征是后天经感染人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)而发生免疫缺陷,有多种症状,具有传播速度快、波及地区广、病死率高的特点。     

Localization of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 in human coronal dentine

Objectives

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs) play important roles in dentine formation, caries progression and hybrid layer degradation. This study tested the hypothesis that the distribution and concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 are different at different depths of human coronal dentine, including odontoblasts.

Methods

Protein localization was performed using immunohistochemistry. Co-localization of the MMPs and their inhibitors was conducted using immunofluorescence double labelling. Protein concentrations were measured by ELISA and gelatinolytic potential was assessed with gelatine zymography.

Results

MMP-2 was the main gelatinase in dentine and was concentrated in the odontoblasts, deep dentine and the dentinoenamel junction. TIMP-2 was co-localized with MMP-2 mainly in the odontoblasts but its concentration was low. Both MMP-9 and TIMP-1 showed a decreasing distribution from the deep to the superficial dentine layers; however, the concentration of TIMP-1 was much higher than that of MMP-9. The gelatinolytic potential of dentine protein extracts decreased gradually from deep to superficial dentine.

Conclusions

The concentrations and distribution patterns of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, and the gelatinolytic potential of dentine matrix are variable along different dentine depths. Thus, differential collagen degradation potentials may be expected depending upon the depth in which dentine is exposed.     

贝伐珠单抗综合治疗Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌患者的疗效及其对VEGF、MMP-9及COX-2表达的影响

目的 探讨贝伐珠单抗综合治疗Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者的疗效及其对患者血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）及环氧化酶-2（COX-2）表达的影响。方法 回顾性分析安徽省第二人民医院2017年1月至2019年12月收治的95例Ⅲ期NSCLC患者临床资料,并按照治疗方案不同分为联合组47例、化疗组48例。化疗组实施常规化疗,联合组则于常规化疗的基础上增用贝伐珠单抗治疗。比较两组临床疗效,治疗前后血清VEGF、MMP-9及COX-2水平及毒副反应（包括胃肠道反应、神经毒性、血液毒性、手足综合征以及高血压等）差异。结果 联合组症状缓解的总体有效率为85.11%,高于化疗组的62.50%,差异有统计学意义（χ²=6.259,P=0.012）。联合组血清VEGF、MMP-9及COX-2水平治疗前后差值均高于化疗组,差异均有统计学意义（t=121.293、55.989、23.538;P均<0.05）。两组胃肠道反应、神经毒性、血液毒性、手足综合征以及高血压发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。结论 贝伐珠单抗综合治疗Ⅲ期NSCLC患者疗效尚可,且能有效下调VEGF、MMP-9及COX-2水平,安全性较好,值得临床推广应用。     

5种不同张口位的颞下颌关节区三维有限元模型的建立

目的:建立5种不同张口位TMJ三维有限元模型。方法:应用斜矢状3D/WATS薄层MR技术和Matlab 科学计算软件,结合Ansys三维有限元专用软件对22×5层,层厚为1mm的TMJMR影像进行分析处理。结果:建 立了更为准确的5种不同张口位的TMJ三维有限元模型。结论:3D/WATS薄层斜矢状位MR技术的应用使得关 节区软组织的显影更为清楚,建立更为精确的TMJ三维有限元模型。Matlab科学计算软件的高效识别,提高了建 模效率,同时利用该软件模拟0.2mm厚的关节软骨,提高了模型的相似性。